General Electric J47-GE-17B and J47-GE-33 Engine Installation
Part 3: Installation Considerations
Compiled by Kimble D. McCutcheon

 

 

The J47-GE-17B engine was designed in accordance with Military Specification MIL-E-5007 and General Electric Model Specification E-585H.

Engine ComponentWeight (lb)
Dry Engine (Max)3,263
Starter-Generator100
Tachometer-Generator (GFE)2
Retractable Screens41
Airframe ComponentWeight (lb)
Main Control Amplifier (open)25
Reheat Control amplifier (open)25
Thrust Selector5
Airframe Junction Box4
Reheat Fuel Pump32
Reheat Air Shutoff Valve5
Voltage Sensitometer4
Center of gravity25.18 ± 1.50"
forwardof the turbine frame
mounting pad centerline.

 

The J47-GE-33 engine was designed in accordance with Military Specification MIL-R-7634A and General Electric Model Specification E-644.

Engine ComponentWeight (lb)
Dry Engine3,169
Starter-Generator100
Tachometer-Generator (GFE)2
Retractable Screens41
Airframe ComponentWeight (lb)
Main Control Amplifier (open)25
Reheat Control Amplifier (open)25
Thrust Selector5
Airframe Junction Box4
Reheat Fuel Pump32
Reheat Air Shutoff Valve5
Voltage Sensitometer4
Center of gravity25.5 ± 0.5"
forward of the turbine frame
mounting pad centerline.

 

J47-GE-17B and -33 Engine Overall Dimensions
DimensionAmbenient Temp (in)Max Operating Temp (in)
Length, Nozzle Closed228230
Length, Nozzle Open225227
Diameter4141
 
NozzleArea (Open)484 in² 
Nozzle Area (Closed)264 in² 
Compressor Inlet Area447 in² 

 

General

Satisfactory J47-GE-17B and -33 mounting provisions must fulfill the following requirements:
a. Withstand the weight, thrust, inertia, and gyroscopic loads encountered during any flight condition.
b. Allow for radial and axial engine thermal expansion and airframe deflections.
c. Permit quick installation and removal.

A three-point suspension using two side trunnion supports on the turbine casing and a third support at the compressor front frame top or bottom was recommended. The J47-GE-17B and -33 designs were similar to previous J47 models except that the two main support trunnions were located on the turbine casing rather than on the compressor rear frame. In addition, the -17B and -33 engines had a reheat tailcone and tailpipe. Distances between front mounting pad bolts were 2 ± 0.005" axially and 5.25 ± 0.005" tangential to engine diameter, and on the main mounting pads 3.0 ± 0. 010" axially and 4.0 ± 0.010" tangentially. Distance between front pad and main pad center lines was 76.36 ± 0.100" cold and 76.68 ± 0.100" hot. Distance between compressor rear frame pad and main mounting pad was 39.73 ± 0.090 cold and 39.91 ± 0.090 hot. Distance from main pad to tip of closed nozzle was 120.82 ± 0.150 cold and 122.24 ± 0.150" hot. Distance from main pad to PTO pad front face was 105.65 ± 0.100" cold and 105.97 ± 0.100" hot. Radial distance from front mounting pad to engine center line was 16.88 ± 0.020" cold. Engine thermal expansion at this point was insignificant. Radial distance from main mounting pad to engine center line was 18.68 ± 0.020" cold and 18.81 ± 0.020" hot.

Two main mounting pads on the turbine casing featured 3" diameter circular mortises that carried the engine's vertical and horizontal loads. The pad design allowed a full 0.60" of mortise depth to be used by the mating trunnion. In order for the mount to withstand the maximum design and ultimate loading conditions, at least 0.50" of the mortise depth was recommended, with 0.60" as maximum. Recommended trunnion design for attachment to the pads consistsed of a spherical bushing configuration. One of the trunnion bushing assemblies was to allow for engine radial thermal expansion and the other was to be fixed. For this and other configurations under consideration, allowance for a engine radial thermal expansion of 0.25" was to be made. Maximum allowable distance between pad face and support point was 2.750". This limitation was necessary to:
a. Decrease moment on trunnions
b. To allow use of lighter weight trunnion
c. To decrease tendency for mating face of trunnion pad to bow, and thus to decrease the longitudinal stress on the studs. This point was important under high load conditions, and required that adequate stiffness be provided in the trunnion face plate.

The front support pad on the compressor front frame were intended for drag link; a roller arrangement on the top front support pad and a track in the airframe may also be used. This facilitated installation and removal and automatically took care of axial thermal expansion. Maximum reactions at this support were encountered in aircraft yaw or pitch maneuvers, which determined its design strength.

The compressor rear frame was designed with mounting pads on each side of the engine, spaced 180° apart. These were not intended to be used for engine mounting, but were provided for assembly and handling purposes and to facilitate rear frame interchangeability with other engine models. There were four pads on the compressor rear frame at positions of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, 16.00" from the engine center line. Four holes were tapped 1/2-20NF-3 to a 0.75" depth, spaced 3.000 ± 0.010" center-to-center axially, and 4.000 ± 0.010" center-to-center tangential to the engine circumference.


 

Design Limits

The engine was designed to withstand the following load conditions without permanent deformation:

Load TypeDesign Loading
Vertical-Upward10.0 g
Vertical-Downward5.0 g
Fore and Aft5.5 g
Sideward4.0 g
The engine was also designed to withstand a gyroscopic loading condition resulting from a 3. 5 radians per second airplane rate of precession for 30 seconds, with the engine operating at maximum speed without permanent deformation. The engine was also designed to withstand the following combined loads:
a. A combined 3 g load acting downward and a 2 radians per second negative pitching volocity load at maximum engine speed.
b. A combined 8g load acting upward and a 2 radians per second positive pitching velocity load at maximum engine speed.
The vibration due to engine rotation was at a frequency equal to the engine revolutions per second, and of a peak-to-peak design amplitude equal to approximately 0.003. An operational peak-to-peak amplitude limit of 0.005"was allowable. Vibration above 0.005" was cause for engine removal and inspection.
Approximate Moments Of Inertia:
1. Polar Moment (Compressor and Turbine) = 525 lb-ft²
2. Polar Moment (at starter pad, of mass rotated by starter) = 618 lb-ft²
3. Complete EngineMoment of Inertia about Axis of Rotation = 3,000 lb-ft²
4. Complete Engine About Support Trunnion Axis = 60,000 lb-ft²
5. Complete Engine About Vertical Axis, Perpendicular to and Passing Through Support
6. Trunnion Axis = 60,000 lb-ft²

The J47 was to be located such that its horizontal center line wasw inclined not more than 3° nose up or 15° nose down when the aircraft was on the ground. If a particular application required an inclination beyond the limits stated above, the drain configuration could be modified to accomodate. An inlet duct attached to the engine was not to produce static loads on the intake flange exceeding the following maximum limits:

Shear500 lb
Axial500 lb
Overhung Moment2000 lb-in

Radial and circumferential inlet air pressure distribution was to be as uniform as possible. The engine installation was to consider the jet wake so that the aft fuselage was not subjected to temperatures that would weaken or damage the airframe. Because of the reheat burner and variable nozzle on the turbine flange, the large overhung moment produced a 0.04" per g deflection at the exhaust cone end. The installation design had to allow adequate clearance to prevent interference between the exhaust cone and airframe at the specified design load limits.

Lubrication (Lube) System
The specified oil grade was MIL-0-6081A Grade 1005
The oil pressure range, measured on the main oil filter aft side, where an AN 1-1/16-12, N3 internal straight thread fitting was provided, was 25-50 psig at 75% and 100% speed.
Minimum oil-in temperature for starting was -67°F (-55°C); maximum oil-in temperature was 158°F (70°C). Maximum lubricating oil consumption was 2.00 lb/hr. Maximum oil flow from tank was 36.5 lb/min; maximum scavenge flow to tank was 126 lb/min.
Maximum allowable entrained air percentage at pump inlet was 6%
Turbine frame breather pressure was 3 – 9 inH2O less than air surrounding the turbine casing.
An airframe-mounted lubricating oil tank was to meet the following requirements:
1. The oil tank was to be located or pressurized in such a manner as to give, under all flight conditions, island inlet pressures as high as, or higher, than the minimum indicated in Figure 3.15. The tank was to be pressurized when operating at altitudes above 40,000 feet.
2. An overboard vent designed to prevent oil loss by foaming was to be included.
3. The engine was designed to operate under negative acceleration or inverted flight for 30 seconds.
4. The lubrication system effectiveness was influenced by tank size and shape, as well as inlet and outlet location, vent designs and deaerating devices. Maximum running time, determined by aircraft fuel capacity, and fuel and oil consumption rates, were to be taken into account when determining oil tank capacity. A safety factor was to be incorporated to supply an adequate quantity of oil for stabilized operation in all normal flight attitudes. Allowance was to be made for "gulping" or transfer of oil from the tank to engine cases and sumps, which may occur following starts. Moreover, adequate space was to be available for oil expansion
5. The turbine frame breather assembly was provided with a pressure regulating valve assembly designed to maintain the desired pressure at all altitudes.

 

Fuel System

The fuel system design was to be as simple and fireproof as possible with a minimum pressure drop and temperature rise from the tank to the engine driven fuel pump. To decrease pressure drop, sharp bends and elbows in the piping were to be kept to a minimum. Fuel lines to the pump suction side were to be kept leakproof and the design made to prevent vibration and abrasion. The engine fuel supply was not to be affected by any airplane maneuver or by either positive or negative accelerations. All major system components were to be easily accessible for inspection, servicing, and replacement. Fuel types to be used were MIL-F-5616 and MIL-F-5624.

Fuel Flow
1. Maximum main fuel pump capacity was 34 gpm.
2. Bulletin R50GT3 was to be consulted for engine fuel flows under flight conditions.
3. Maximum engine fuel flow was obtained under extreme engine conditions of 1.6 ram pressure ratio at sea level on a -65°F day.

The pressure drop in the line from tank to engine was to not exceed 2 psi with the engine fuel flows obtained under the flight conditions stated in MIL-E-5007 Paragraph 3.2.7.1. For satisfactory engine operation a filter was to be installed in the main fuel line capable of retaining 90% of all particles whose two smallest dimensions exceed 44 microns. The largest particle passed shall not exceed 100 microns.

Reheat Fuel System

An air turbine driven centrifugal pump was used for reheat fuel. The pump was a tank-mounted double element pump, capable of delivering 86 gallons of vapor-free fuel per minute at 550 psi.

Electrical  Control System Power Requirements
115 VAC, 400 Hz, 3.25 amps at 98% Power Factor
28 VDC, 2.5 amps maximum continuous, 15 amps maximum inrush
Ignition Units (J47-GE-33) = 28 VDC, 130 watts (2 Vibrators)
Ignition Units (J47-GE-17B) = 28 VDC, 200 watts (2 Vibrators)
Inlet Air Screen Actuator = 28 VDC, 5 amps
Reheat Air Valve = 28 VDC, 5 amps
Anti-Icing Air Valve = 28 VDC, 1.5 amps
Nozzle Cooling Valve = 28 VDC, 1.5 amps
Emergency Regulator Soleoid = 28 VDC, 1.5 amps

 

Operation

GE furnished operating procedures so the aircraft designer had information to design the cockpit controls and place the instruments used by the pilot during engine operation. These instructions were not intended for ground or flight engine operating instructions, which were furnished in Technical Orders, etc. Operators were cautioned to observe the jet wake produced by engine operation.

During engine start the the pilot used the following switches and controls:
1. Booster Pump Switch
2. Engine Switch
3. Starter and Ignition Switches
4. Throttle Lever
5. Emergency System Selector Switch
6. Variable Area Jet Nozzle Switch

 

The pilot watcheds the following instruments:
1. Tachometer
2. Fuel Flow and/or Pressure
3. Exhaust Temperature
4. Oil Pressure
5. Jet Nozzle Position

 

Before starting, the pilot set the controls as follows:
1. Throttle = CLOSED
2. Booster Pump Switch = OFF
3. Engine Switch = OFF
4. Starter and Ignition Switches = OFF
5. Jet Nozzle Control Switch = AUTOMATIC
6. Emergency System Selector Switch = NORMAL.

Ground Starting Procedure
(1) Engine Switch = ON. Electric system warm up began when external power was applied.
(2) Booster Pump Switch = ON. A booster pump at the fuel tanks established pressure at the engine fuel pump inlet. This switch was left closed at all times during engine operation.
(3) Starter and Ignition Switches (Momentary Type) = PRESSED. This furnished starter and ignition power. Note: Operations 1, 2, and 3 were to be made with minimal delay.
(4) Starter and Ignition Circuit Operation. Closing the starter and ignition switches energized the starter contactor and ignition relay. The energized starter contactor supplied 24 VDC to the starter. The energized ignition relay supplied 24 VDC to ignition coils, thus providing ignition. The undercurrent relay whose coil was in series with the starter circuit was energized when the starter contactor closed. This relay's contacts were in parallel with the starter and ignition switches, which were released when the undercurrent relay closed. The undercurrent relay dropped out when the starter load decreased at approximately 2,000 engine rpm. Opening the undercurrent relay de-energized the starter contactor and removed power from the starter and ignition circuits. In installations with a manual starter stop switch the starter was meant to be stopped as the engine passed through 2,000 rpm.
CAUTION: If the engine did not reach 700 rpm within 40 seconds something was wrong with the system and the engine was to be shut down as follows:
(a) Engine switch = OFF
(b) Boost-Pump switch = OFF
The trouble was to be corrected before again initiating the starting procedure.
(5) The throttle was moved to IDLE position when engine speed reached 6%. If the engine did not fire in 5 seconds, something was wrong and engine shut down was initiated as follows:
(a) Throttle = CLOSED
(b) Engine Switch = OFF
(c) Boost Pump Switch = OFF
The trouble was to be corrected and the unburned fuel allowed to drain from the combustion chambers for at least 2 minutes before another start was attempted.
(6) The Engine automatically accelerated to idle speed. If the exhaust temperature exceeded 1,600°F (871°C) the engine was to be shut down and the trouble corrected.
When the power plant leveled off at idling speed, an engine operational check was to be made:
(a) Exhaust Gas Temperature = 1,200°F (650°C) at 2,500 rpm, lower at higher speeds.
(b) Vibration = not noticeable. If vibration was noticeable, a further check was to be made with a light beam indicator or equivalent.
(c) Lube Oil Pressure = positive indication at idling rpm.
(d) Jet Nozzle Position = approximately 1/2 open at idle. As engine speed increased the area decreased to approximately 1/4 open at military rpm.

Altitude Starting Procedure

Automatic start procedure was to be used if AC power was available to the control system.
1. Throttle = Closed
2. The engine was allowed to decelerate as follows:
Automatic Altitude Start
Altitude (ft )rpm
30,000 – 40,0001,500
25,000 – 30,0001,700
0 – 25,0002,000
3. Emergency Ignition Switch = Pressed and held until rpm reached flight idle speed for that altitude.
4. Throttle = IDLE.
5. Steps 1 – 4 were to be repeated if no ignition after 30 seconds.

 

Manual Restart Procedure
1. Throttle = Closed
2. System Selector Switch = EMERGENCY ON
3. The engine was allowed to decelerate to the rpm specified in the Automatic Altitude Start chart
4. Emergency Ignition Switch = Pressed
5. The throttle was dvanced to obtain 70 psi fuel pressure until engine reached flight idle speed.

 

Engine Stopping
1. Throttle = Closed
2. Engine Switch = OFF
3. Boost Pump Switch= OFF
The engine could be stopped from any speed by closing the throttle.

 

Accessory Cooling Requirements

Engine accessories had temperature limits that were not to be exceeded. This was achieved via adequate venting and/or cooling. These limitations resulted from electrical insulation, O-ring, resistor, capacitor potentiometer and solder limitations.


 


On to Part 4